Optimism and Your Health
From Harvard Health Publications
Look for the silver lining…
Buddy DeSylva’s upbeat lyrics to Jerome Kern’s lovely tune provide an appealing call to a positive outlook on life, even in the face of adversity. Indeed, a cheerful disposition can help you get through the tough patches that cloud every life, but do people who see the glass half-full also enjoy better health than gloomy types who see it half-empty?
According to a series of studies from the U.S. and Europe, the answer is yes. Optimism helps people cope with disease and recover from surgery. Even more impressive is the impact of a positive outlook on overall health and longevity. Research tells us that an optimistic outlook early in life can predict better health and a lower rate of death during follow-up periods of 15 to 40 years.
Measuring optimism
To investigate optimism, scientists first needed to develop reliable ways to measure the trait. Two systems are in widespread use; one measures dispositional optimism, the other explanatory style.
Dispositional optimism depends on positive expectations for one’s future. These are not confined to one or two aspects of life, but are generalized expectations for a good outcome in several areas. Many researchers use the 12-item Life Orientation Test to measure dispositional optimism.
Explanatory style is based on how a person explains good or bad news. The pessimist assumes blame for bad news (“It’s me”), assumes the situation is stable (“It will last forever”), and has a global impact (“It will affect everything I do”). The optimist, on the other hand, does not assume blame for negative events. Instead, he tends to give himself credit for good news, assume good things will last, and be confident that positive developments will spill over into many areas of his life. Researchers often use either the Attributional Style Questionnaire or the Content Analysis of Verbatim Explanations method to evaluate optimism based on explanatory style.
“Optimistic sports fans – Sports fans will get a kick from a French study of cardiovascular mortality. On July 12, 1988, France bested Brazil in the biggest sporting event ever held in France, the finals of the World Cup of soccer. French men enjoyed a lower cardiovascular death rate on July 12 than on the average of the other days between July 7 and July 17, but French women did not. Doctors don’t know why fatal heart attacks declined; perhaps a burst of optimism is responsible.”
Optimism and cardiac patients
In some studies, researchers have concentrated on the link between optimism and specific medical conditions. DeSylva and Kern tell us that a heart full of joy and gladness can banish trouble and strife—and now scientists tell us that optimism may help the heart itself.
In one study, doctors evaluated 309 middle-aged patients who were scheduled to undergo coronary artery bypass surgery. In addition to a complete pre-operative physical exam, each patient underwent a psychological evaluation designed to measure optimism, depression, neuroticism, and self-esteem. The researchers tracked all the patients for six months after surgery. When they analyzed the data, they found that optimists were only half as likely as pessimists to require re-hospitalization. In a similar study of 298 angioplasty patients, optimism was also protective; over a six-month period, pessimists were three times more likely than optimists to have heart attacks or require repeat angioplasties or bypass operations.
Optimism and blood pressure
A sunny outlook may help people recover after a cardiac procedure, but can it also reduce the risk of developing one of the major risks for cardiovascular disease—hypertension? Research conducted in Finland suggests it can. Scientists evaluated 616 middle-aged men who had normal blood pressures when the study began. Each volunteer’s mental outlook was checked with questions about his expectations for the future, and each was evaluated for cardiovascular risk factors such as smoking, obesity, physical inactivity, alcohol abuse, and a family history of hypertension. Over a four-year period, highly pessimistic men were three times more likely to develop hypertension than cheerier souls, even after other risk factors were taken into account.
An American study of 2,564 men and women who were 65 and older also found that optimism is good for blood pressure. Researchers used a four-item, positive-emotion summary scale to evaluate each participant during a home visit. They also measured blood pressure, height, and weight and collected information about age, marital status, alcohol use, diabetes, and medication. Even after taking these other factors into account, people with positive emotions had lower blood pressures than those with a negative outlook. On average, the people with the most positive emotions had the lowest blood pressures.
| Emotions and infections A 2006 study explored the link between emotions and viral infections of the respiratory tract. Scientists evaluated the personality style of 193 healthy volunteers, then gave each a common respiratory virus. Subjects who displayed a positive personality style were less likely to develop viral symptoms than their less positive peers. |
Optimism and heart disease
High blood pressure is an important cause of coronary artery disease. If optimism can reduce the risk of hypertension, can it also protect against developing coronary artery disease itself? To find out, scientists from Harvard and Boston University evaluated 1,306 men with an average age of 61. Each volunteer was evaluated for an optimistic or pessimistic explanatory style as well as for blood pressure, cholesterol, obesity, smoking, alcohol use, and family history of heart disease. None of the men had been diagnosed with coronary artery disease when the study began. Over the next 10 years, the most pessimistic men were more than twice as likely to develop heart disease than the most optimistic men, even after taking other risk factors into account.
Optimism and overall health
Optimism appears to protect the heart and circulation—and it’s heartening to learn that it can have similar benefits for overall health.
A large, short-term study evaluated the link between optimism and overall health in 2,300 older adults. Over two years, people who had a positive outlook were much more likely to stay healthy and enjoy independent living than their less-cheerful peers.
Staying well for two years is one thing, remaining healthy for the long haul another. But for 447 patients who were evaluated for optimism as part of a comprehensive medical evaluation between 1962 and 1965, the benefits of a positive outlook were desirable indeed. Over a 30-year period, optimism was linked to a better outcome on 8 measures of physical and mental function and health.
| A laughable study Experienced clinicians know that humor is good medicine. Now researchers in Tennessee tell us it may also provide a bit of a workout. They found that genuine, voiced laughter boosts energy consumption and heart rate by 10 percent to 20 percent. That means a 10- to 15-minute belly laugh might burn anywhere from 10 to 40 calories. It’s a lot of laughing for a few calories, but optimists will be tickled by the result. |
Optimism and survival
It’s obvious that healthy people live longer than sick people. If optimism actually improves health, it should also boost longevity—and according to two studies from the U.S. and two from the Netherlands, it does.
The first American study evaluated 839 people in the early 1960s, performing a psychological test for optimism-pessimism as well as a complete medical evaluation. When the people were rechecked 30 years later, optimism was linked to longevity; for every 10-point increase in pessimism on the optimism–pessimism test, the mortality rate rose 19 percent.
A newer U.S. study looked at 6,959 students who took a comprehensive personality test when they entered the University of North Carolina in the mid-1960s. During the next 40 years, 476 of the people died from a variety of causes, with cancer being the most common. All in all, pessimism took a substantial toll; the most pessimistic individuals had a 42 percent higher rate of death than the most optimistic.
The two Dutch studies reported similar results. In one, researchers tracked 545 men who were free of cardiovascular disease and cancer when they were evaluated for dispositional optimism in 1985. Over the next 15 years, the optimists were 55 percent less likely to die from cardiovascular disease than the pessimists, even after traditional cardiovascular risk factors and depression were taken into account.
The other study from Holland evaluated 941 men and women between the ages of 65 and 85. People who demonstrated dispositional optimism at the start of the study enjoyed a 45 percent lower risk of death during a 9-year follow-up period.
Possible mechanisms
Taken together, these studies argue persuasively that optimism is good for health. But why? What puts the silver in the silver lining?
Skeptics (or pessimists) might suggest that the effect is more apparent than real. People who are healthy are likely to have a brighter outlook than people who are ill, so perhaps optimism is actually the result of good health instead of the other way around. To counter this argument, researchers can adjust their results for pre-existing medical conditions, including physical problems such as diabetes, heart disease, and hypertension, and mental problems such as depression. The studies that made these adjustments found that medical conditions did not tarnish the benefits of a bright outlook on life. Moreover, by tracking people for 15, 30, and 40 years, scientists can minimize the potential bias of pre-existing conditions.
Another explanation is behavioral. It is possible that optimists enjoy better health and longer lives than pessimists because they lead healthier lifestyles, build stronger social support networks, and get better medical care. Indeed, some studies report that optimists are more likely to exercise, less likely to smoke, more likely to live with a spouse, and more likely to follow medical advice than pessimists. But optimism is not generally associated with a better diet or a leaner physique, and even when results are adjusted for cardiovascular risk factors, a beneficial effect of optimism persists.
In addition to behavioral advantages, optimism may have biological benefits that improve health. A 2008 study of 2,873 healthy men and women found that a positive outlook on life was linked to lower levels of the stress hormone cortisol, even after taking age, employment, income, ethnicity, obesity, smoking, and depression into account. In women, but not men, a sunny disposition was also associated with lower levels of two markers of inflammation (C-reactive protein and interleukin-6), which predict the risk of heart attack and stroke. Other possible benefits include reduced levels of adrenaline, improved immune function, and less active clotting systems.
Finally, heredity may explain some of the link. It is possible that genes predispose some people to optimism, and that the same genes exert a direct effect on health and longevity.
Blue skies
More study is needed to clarify the link between optimism and good health. It’s likely that multiple mechanisms are involved.
Personality is complex, and doctors don’t know if optimism is hard-wired into an individual or if a sunny disposition can be nurtured in some way. It’s doubtful that McLandburgh Wilson was pondering such weighty questions when he explained optimism in 1915:
“Twixt the optimist and pessimist / The difference is droll / The optimist sees the doughnut / But the pessimist sees the hole.”
Today’s doctors don’t think much of doughnuts, but they are accumulating evidence that optimism is good for health. As you await the results of new research, do your best to seek silver linings, if not doughnuts.
10 Overhyped Health Products
Are all of your favorite products really necessary? Experts say no—and a few could actually hurt you
By Leslie Quander Wooldridge, U.S. News & World Report
You see these items on store shelves and on TV, but don’t buy into the hype. These 10 over-the-counter products aren’t always worth your money—and some can cause health problems instead of treating them.
Redness-reducing eye drops
Even if you look like you have the world’s worst hangover, avoid using these drops on a regular basis. They can mask an underlying problem, like dry eye, allergies, or contact lens irritation, and trigger persistent redness because your eyes can get used to them, says Mark Melrose, an emergency physician and owner of Urgent Care Manhattan.
What to use instead: “The first thing you should do is find out why you have the red eyes and treat the [underlying] reason,” Melrose says. Your doctor can help pinpoint the problem. (Dry eyes can benefit from saline eye drops, for instance.)
Antibacterial hand soap
About 75 percent of liquid hand soaps have antibacterial ingredients, but you can wash your hands of them. Outside of healthcare settings, antibacterial-containing products have not been proven to prevent the spread of infection better than regular varieties, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. “The body does a pretty good job of taking care of itself,” says Melrose. Plus, not all bacteria are harmful.
What to use instead: Plain soap and water “does the trick just fine,” says Melrose. Lather up for at least 20 seconds, scrubbing between your fingers and under your nails, then rinse and dry.
Toothbrush sanitizers
We have hundreds of different types of germs in our mouths, and because toothbrushes aren’t sold in sterile packages, they can carry bacteria right out of the box, reports the American Dental Association (ADA). But—before you get too scared—know that toothbrush sanitizers haven’t been shown to provide a health benefit, says the ADA. That’s because a healthy body can usually defend itself against germs.
What to use instead: Rinse your toothbrush thoroughly with tap water. Store it in an upright position and let it air-dry.
Breath-freshening mouthwash
If you’re healthy, you don’t need mouthwash unless your dentist has recommended or prescribed it for therapeutic reasons (say, for dry mouth).
What to use instead: To fight bad breath and plaque, brush your teeth and floss twice a day, and see your dentist regularly, advises the ADA. But if you have chronic bad breath—and it’s unrelated to your lunchtime love affair with garlic—talk to your dentist, says Edmond Hewlett, a professor of dentistry at the University of California, Los Angeles, and an ADA spokesperson. Persistent bad breath can signal an oral health issue, he explains, like gum disease, tooth decay, or even something more serious, such as diabetes.
Facial toner
You may think you need toner—also called astringent—to remove makeup and reduce pore size, but you can probably do without it. “Facial toners are designed to restore the pH of the skin after cleansing,” says Patricia Farris, a clinical assistant professor of dermatology at Tulane University School of Medicine. (Disrupting the skin’s pH upsets its natural balance and causes irritation and dryness.) “But if you use a gentle cleanser that doesn’t affect skin pH then you don’t need a toner.”
What to use instead: Just a gentle cleanser or fragrance-free bar soap with no antibacterial additives, says Farris. One caveat: If you have exceptionally oily skin, it may be fine to use an alcohol-free toner, but most people really don’t need it, she says.
Expensive moisturizers
Forget paying hundreds of dollars for “miraculous” high-end creams infused with exotic ingredients. “There have been no studies to support that expensive face creams do better than a good mid-level brand,” says Rebecca Kazin, medical director at Johns Hopkins Dermatology and Cosmetic Center at Green Spring Station in Lutherville, Md. “Typically a moisturizer is a moisturizer.”
What to use instead: To fight wrinkles or improve skin texture, look for moisturizers with retinols or antioxidants—many drugstore brands are fine. Your routine should always begin with sunscreen (yes, even during winter). An ideal sunscreen protects against UVA and UVB rays and has an SPF of 30 or higher.
Multivitamins
They’re likely not necessary for healthy people who have no vitamin deficiencies, says Melrose. And some supplements can actually cause health problems if consumed in excess amounts, he says. For instance, too much vitamin A can cause liver damage and too much vitamin C can cause kidney stones and diarrhea, according to the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
What to use instead: If you have no deficiencies, just eat a well-rounded diet that includes whole foods like fruits and vegetables. Exceptions: Pregnant women should take prenatal vitamins to prevent birth defects, says Melrose, and people who are nutrition-deficient can benefit from supplements recommended by a healthcare professional.
Douches
Douching—washing the vagina with water or other fluids—isn’t necessary and can actually be harmful. That’s because douching can upset the vagina’s normal balance, making you more susceptible to infection or irritation, according to the American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG).
What to use instead: Nothing—the vagina cleans itself, says ACOG. But if you notice a change in discharge or unpleasant odor, make an appointment with your health practitioner. It could be a sign of infection.
Scented feminine products
Like douches, scented tampons, sprays, and pads can do more harm than good, potentially leading to infection and vaginal irritation.
What to use instead: Unscented feminine products, advises ACOG. To stay fresh and maintain vaginal health, wash only outside the vagina with mild soap and plain warm water—or warm water alone.
Some cold-prevention remedies
Runny nose? You can probably skip the echinacea and vitamin C, says Melrose: Studies on their effectiveness have been inconclusive. And take care with zinc-based nasal sprays. They can stifle your sense of smell, perhaps permanently, according to the Mayo Clinic.
What to use instead: “It’s better to just wash your hands during cold and flu season,” says Melrose—using regular soap, of course.
Original Artical: http://health.msn.com/healthy-living/10-overhyped-health-products
Why Stress Might Make You Sick
New research suggests long-term anxiety is linked to inflammation
By Randy DotingaHealthDay Reporter
A new study involving the common cold may help explain why stress, which dampens the immune system, seems to trigger inflammation in many people.
That would appear contradictory, because the immune system creates inflammation (for example, the redness around a wound) to help the body heal. But the research suggests that high and long-term levels of stress contribute to inflammation.
In turn, the inflammation can lead to conditions such as heart disease, asthma and autoimmune disorders, in which the immune system turns against the body.
The research “suggests the kind of diseases that are going to be affected by stress,” said study lead author Sheldon Cohen, professor of psychology at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. “They’re diseases in which inflammation is a key aspect.”
Over the past five to six decades, researchers have linked stress to disease, Cohen said. “There’s not much question that stressed people are at greater risk for developing some of these diseases or having them become more severe. A little bit less clear is exactly how that happens. How does stress get under the skin to affect disease outcomes?”
One possibility is that stressed people are simply unhealthier — smoking and drinking more and sleeping less. In that area, the challenge is figuring out which came first, stress or unhealthy decisions.
The other possibility is that the body’s hormones that respond to stress play a role.
In the new study, investigators performed two experiments, involving more than 300 people, to gain more insight. The researchers asked the participants about the stresses in their lives and then exposed them to cold viruses to see if they got sick.
After adjusting the statistics for various factors, the researchers found that people whose bodies had higher levels of ongoing psychological stress — such as that caused by divorce — were less able to dampen inflammation. This seemed to have something to do with their immune cells being less sensitive to a hormone that turns off inflammation.
The people with more stress were also at higher risk of developing a cold, according to the report published online April 2 in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
Dr. Andrew Miller, a professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences at Emory University School of Medicine who studies how stress affects the immune system, said the research “provides a very concrete example of how chronic stress and its effects on the immune system can affect our daily lives in a very real-world context.”
However, this is just part of a wider picture of how stress affects the body, Miller cautioned.
“In ancestral times, a stressful environment would have a high likelihood of involving some form of fighting and being wounded and thereby infected,” he said. “Inflammation is a process in the body that is essential to fighting infections and healing wounds. Therefore, the induction of inflammation by stress is a way for the body to prepare itself for battle in an environment that represents danger of attack.”
While the study uncovered an association between chronic psychological stress and inflammation, it did not prove a cause-and-effect relationship.
More information
For more about stress, visit the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
SOURCES: Sheldon Cohen, Ph.D., professor of psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh; Andrew H. Miller, M.D., professor, psychiatry and behavioral sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta; April 2, 2012, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, online
New Temporary Website Theme
So the new site look is just temporary as the old theme that I had up was hacked. If you are ever directed to download anything from my site please close down your web browser and let me know ASAP. Sorry for any inconvience.
10 Overrated Health Foods
By Darya Pino, Ph.D – Ph.D-trained scientist; Foodie; Advocate of Local, Seasonal Foods
Like it or not, we tend to believe whatever we are exposed to in the media and in advertisements. In nutrition, this usually means that as a society we all follow the same diet fads, glorifying some foods over others in the quest for better health. (It’s okay, I love salmon and coconut water as much as you do.)
Problem is, though, more often than not the news or the health claims made by food manufacturers vastly overstate any potential health benefits, because it makes a more compelling story and sells more products. Our own confirmation biases tend to make us believe what we’re told, we confidently share our insight with our friends, and suddenly our grocery stores are filled with health foods that really aren’t all they are cracked up to be.
Here are my 10 picks for the most overrated health foods.
1. Yogurt
There is nothing innately wrong with yogurt, the natural product. But the real stuff is not nearly as easy to find as the hyper-sweetened dessert versions filling supermarket shelves. Though yogurt can contain beneficial probiotics, friendly bacteria are also present in other fermented foods like sauerkraut, kimchi and miso. And if you are worried about acne, dairy is probably not your best choice.
Oh, and the overratedness is doubly true of frozen yogurt.
If you’d rather keep yogurt as your breakfast staple (something I’m certainly not opposed to), go for plain yogurt that is either full or low-fat. Don’t fall for the vanilla trap, it is not plain and has even more sugar than most fruit versions. You need some fat in your yogurt so you can absorb the fat-soluble vitamin D added to most milk-based products.
2. Soy
Soy is another one of those foods that can be perfectly healthy, but can also be processed into oblivion until it’s an unhealthy product. Hydrogenated soy oil is among the most common sources of trans fat. Processed products are often touted as healthy just because they contain soy, but evidence suggests soy is not exactly the health panacea it is often made out to be. For a healthier version, stick to fermented soy products like miso, natto or tempeh.
3. Egg Whites
It baffles me that Americans continue to vilify the most nutritious part of the egg while glorifying the less impressive half. Sure, egg whites are a good source of protein on their own, but you’re probably not lacking protein and would likely benefit from the rich nutrients of the entire egg.
4. Margarine
Why we need a manmade source of processed oils when there are so many naturally healthy sources of fat is beyond me — that is, assuming you can even find margarines that do not contain hydrogenated oils/trans fats. If you really want more stanols and sterols in your diet, try eating more nuts, avocados and vegetables.
5. Bananas
Though I have a bit of a reputation for picking on bananas, I really don’t think they’re all bad and they definitely taste yummy. My biggest problem with them is that they are one of the most calorie-dense fruits you can buy, and most of us don’t need all that extra sugar from a “health” food.
6. Fake Meat
Next time you get a chance, check out the ingredients in your favorite meat substitute. It’s usually a lot of gluten, some processed soy, canola oil, corn starch, and a few bizarre ingredients like “natural vegetarian flavors” (mmm…. vegetarians). Call me crazy, but real meat sounds a lot more appealing.
7. Protein Bars
Remember back in the day when PowerBars tasted like crap? Well they would all still taste that way if manufacturers didn’t fill them with sugar or fake sugar substitutes. Look at the ingredients, the vast majority of protein bars are the same processed junk that’s in everything else, just with a few more vitamins, some added soy protein and possibly some added fiber. Adding nutrients to junk food does not a health food make.
8. Whole Grain Flour
Ah, whole grains, how controversial be thy name. Though I’m not as anti-grain as some folks, I don’t pretend that highly processed “whole wheat flour” is actually good for me. Grains that don’t look like grains are not your friends.
9. Low-Fat Salad Dressing
Yes, fat contains more calories than protein or carbohydrates, but it also enables you to absorb more vitamins from the foods you eat and makes your meals more satisfying. Fat-free dressings do not make you healthier, they make your salad less nourishing.
10. Fruit Juice
Juicing fruit concentrates the sugar while stripping out the filling fiber. When you remember that one 450-mL bottle of orange juice is equivalent to six whole oranges, you can start to see where the problem is.
Original Article: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/darya-pino/health-food_b_1391375.html#s829698&title=Yogurt
Is sugar toxic?
(CBS News) Dr. Robert Lustig, a pediatric endocrinologist at the University of California, believes the high amount of sugar in the American diet, much of it in processed foods, is killing us. And as Dr. Sanjay Gupta reports, new scientific research seems to support his theory that sugar is toxic, including some linking the excess ingestion of sugars to heart disease. Gupta’s report will be broadcast on 60 Minutes Sunday, April 1 at 7 p.m. ET/PT.
Americans are now consuming nearly 130 pounds of added sugars per person, per year. Those include both sugar and high fructose corn syrup. And while many vilify high fructose corn syrup and believe it is worse than sugar, Dr. Lustig says metabolically there is no difference. “They are basically equivalent. The problem is they’re both bad. They’re both equally toxic,” he says.
Dr. Lustig treats sick, obese children, who he believes are primarily sick because of the amount of sugar they ingest. He says this sugar not only leads to obesity, but to “Type 2 diabetes, hypertension and heart disease itself.” Something needs to be done says Dr. Lustig. “Ultimately, this is a public health crisis…you have to do big things and you have to do them across the board,” he tells Gupta. “Tobacco and alcohol are perfect examples,” he says, referring to the regulations imposed on their consumption and the warnings on their labels. “I think sugar belongs in this exact same wastebasket.”
A recent study supports the idea that excess consumption of high fructose corn syrup is linked to an increase in risk factors for heart disease by increasing a type of cholesterol that can clog arteries. The University of California, Davis, study also indicated that calories from added sugars are different than those from other foods. Subjects had 25 percent of their caloric intake replaced with sweetened drinks. Nutritional biologist Kimber Stanhope was surprised to see that after only two weeks, “We found that the subjects who consumed high fructose corn syrup had increased levels of LDL cholesterol and other risk factors for cardiovascular disease,” she tells Gupta. “I started eating and drinking a whole lot less sugar.”
What happens says Stanhope, is the liver gets overloaded with fructose and converts come of it into fat, which gets into the bloodstream to create “small dense LDL,” the kind of LDL that forms plaque in arteries. The irony here is that for precisely that reason – avoiding heart disease – a government commission in the 1970s mandated that we lower our fat consumption. “When you take the fat out of food, it tastes like cardboard,” says Dr. Lustig. “And the food industry knew that, so they replaced it with sugar…and guess what? Heart disease, metabolic syndrome, diabetes and death are skyrocketing,” he tells Gupta.
And other scientific work shows that sugar could also be helping some cancer tumors to grow because sugar stimulates the production of the hormone insulin. Nearly a third of common cancers such as some breast and colon cancers, contain insulin receptors that eventually signal the tumor to consume glucose. Lewis Cantley, a Harvard professor and head of the Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, says some of those cancers have learned to adapt to an insulin-rich environment. “They have evolved the ability to hijack that flow of glucose that’s going by in the bloodstream into the tumor itself.”
What does the sugar industry have to say about this? Gupta spoke with Jim Simon, a member of the board of the Sugar Association. “To say that the American consuming public is going to omit, eliminate sweeteners out of their diet, I don’t think gets us there,” he says. Simon points out that the science is “not completely clear” and it’s wrong to single out one food because the real emphasis should be on long-term reduction of calories, balanced diet and exercise.
Original Article: http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-18560_162-57407128/is-sugar-toxic/
Beware of the treadmill!!!
Worth it!!!
Buffalo Wild Wings Nutritional Information
So yesterday we went to BWW for lunch and I asked for the Nutritional Information and they didn’t have it in store so I went to the website and it wasn’t there either but I did find something that said you have to email them. So I emailed them and and received it right away. So I didn’t think anything of not being able to get the nutritional info until I saw it. It is outragous and I believe that they are one of the reasons this country is in such bad shape health wise. I have never seen nutritional info this bad before.